Above British upper middle class, right, upper aristocracy, (and home grown lettuces).  Both were buyers of HMV and EMI equipment, that wasn't sold to everybody.  A dealer would talk knowingly about an EMI or Garrard product but never disclose that it was actually in stock, and only at the closing down SALE would we discover among the bargains, those gems that were hidden from most customers, this was British elitism found into the 1980s but it all changed, or did it? 
👉🏾  HOME  👈🏾 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  S  ^ 
Above Technics from the 1970s that were lower-middle-class.  Right the 1975 75 watts, Technics SE 9200 differs a lot from 1974 110 watts SE 9600.  The heat-sinks and general finish aren't much different from 1976 REALISTIC STA-2000 power equivalent, but bigger wide-band 5Hz-100KHz...















...size gives 0.08% THD over the STA-2000, 2.5% THD, 15Hz-25KHz.  Above 1970s Technics speaker with idealized squawker cabinet seen today in elite Zellaton speakers.  Right stamped steel basket mass-market woofer from the Technics above.  The crossover is similar to the REALISTIC Mach Two.





Left from the early 1980s many Technics sets were made by SANYO Denki that specialize in motors and coil windings.  The ventilated woofer coil below and left is cooling an American market OTTO Fisher type white cone.  The small magnet below is an edge-wound type for very high power handling. The Japanese SANYO-Technics aren't as nice as the older Panasonic-led National Technics that was Korean owned from the year 1975.



J.P. Morgan yacht Corsair, (1881).


Right the SANYO Denki Technics is working-class and aims to keep prices to a minimum whilst the 1970s National Technics were hi-End and still fetch much higher prices in auctions.

Earl of Crawford yacht Valhalla, (1892).

Westminster School, England.

Left a SANYO Denki made Fisher Studio Standard speaker from the 1970s based on the Yamaha NS-1000 from the same company.  A metal woofer cone in the STE-1200 is covered with a rubbery material.  An Elektronika 100 AS-060 version is sold in Russia, formerly the Soviet Union where below, the Vega B212 radio was long offered.  In Cuba and other regimes, they were valued as quality world band receivers.  They had very low battery consumption using a high impedance loudspeaker for long life in rural settings with difficult access.
 
Morgan Sports Car Club of Canada

Below Rigonda was a brand imported from the Soviet Union and so old-fashioned inside that few service centers would look at them.  But they did sound altogether better than the 1980s Japanese rack systems with magnetic cartridges.  The record player had a ceramic cartridge.  In the home market, there had been a seven-year waiting list.

Hungarian Videoton loudspeakers

Left the Dynasty Disco sold alongside Vega B212 and 215 and were only found in bazaars, were grey market in origins and also from the glitzy OMEGA, very expensive but not a reputable brand or seller.  Who'd pay such a price?  Somebody that didn't need a guarantee or warranty and just trusted the seller.  But the sets were very desirable despite their questionable lifespan and origins.





















Radiola Estonia 6GD-2 are similar to EMI in their lightweight brown paper voice coil formers that suit them to vacuum tubes whereas powerful modern voice coil formers made of polythene or Kapton withstand more heat.  So running in paper voice-coil-former loudspeakers is done at barely audible volumes and in modern speakers, powered louder to get new parts working well together.



RROC President.

Morgan Cars for special owners.

French Polishing radios


A man of good character.





<<<The EMI company invested US$1M in the 1960s ideas based on Joy Adamson's 'Born Free' book and misplaced trust of lions.  Not a lifestyle for all, rich people keeping such pets weren't so lucky.  Colonial times with remarkable attitudes.



McDonalds CCTV tracking.

Used the Bible to help others.

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Worshipful Society of Apothecaries

Right during the British Raj in India, many people died from panther attacks.  At the start of the video, the creature's eyes are seen at the foot of the steps, lit up in the camera lights as it makes a slow ascent to finally carrying off the guard dog.  The people are awakened but come out too late.

Royal Scottish Borderer War Hero.

Scottish Trusty Piper

Scottish Army Sergeant.

Scots RAF Chinook pilot.

Armstrong 521 amplifier

Above a stylized Leopard creature in an elite wall hanging.  Click on.
<<Police Scotland Garry McEwan.

Criminal Justice Scotland Act 2016.


St Andrews academic Robert Prescott, ideas mooted by Hew Lorimer and others. 
Anstruther has a Fish 'n' Chip shop popular with Prince Charles, royalty and St Andrews University.  Brewed to commemorate Sir Winston Churchill's 1950 visit to Copenhagen, Special Brew below.

Left, British working-class area with a Jaguar car.  The marque isn't driven by higher social classes.  A Hedlund horn with Lowther Voigt core gives better low frequencies.
 
Guests attend Manor House Garden Parties. 

EMI speaker from the Aristocrat Radiogram.

The EMI 350 Benford Horn was based on the BBC EMI Broadcast 45 model to this day not shared with the general public, exclusive to the global elites making EMI speakers attractive to some lower social classes tube amplifier enthusiasts.

The music system above has the same sound as the ghettoblaster below.

Right, Toshiba Boombox 40 better known than SANYO above, Toshiba developed integrated circuits with a germanium semiconductor tone but so high in price that none in the peasantry could have bought one, even although many wanted to and felt the loss of something, they'd never even owned.
Anstruther and the surrounding East Neuk is part of the nearby St Andrews Golfer tourist route, visited by millions of people every year, in particular, relatives of the prestigious St Andrews University students and graduates;  its importance on a global holidaymaker level, cannot be downplayed. >>, Soft back Freelander with roll cage amidst a rural Scottish lifestyle, maybe the last of all-British made cars, canvas colored soft cloth backs were mostly replaced with a matte black hard type here seen removable.  Below, the Uffizi Society was a group of wealthy Oxford University College students who'd, each owned a painting by Leonardo da Vinci and as such were equals.  At Oxford, the Senior Commoner is you know, not an equal but an older chap without a scholarship. 
Right, a very crude looking floor-standing speaker by modern standards, houses a 'black basket' EMI 13 x 8 and an AlNiCo cone tweeter of stranger appearance.  Note the Velcro stick pads and the open type metal mesh panel that in the olden days we knew, in British radio component stores as a 'speaker grille'.  The 'black basket' was a special reissue of the old 'EMI Dangerous Speakers' for tube rectifiers and to distinguish them from the later green colored 'EMI Merciless Speakers' for Solid State rectifiers, they were painted black.  Today's Blogger community rules constrain what some might find offensive, the idea of equality that didn't exist in the 1960s during the Civil Rights movement, in the United States but although radio engineers did obtain surplus EMI speakers for specialist, home designed Hi-Fi, EMI speakers...
...weren't liked by some buyers as surplus because of resentment over elitist attitudes of the time, and that they wouldn't be sold to anyone not obviously from the right community.  In that sense, the EMI speaker was similar to the Uffizi Society equality idea of owning something not available to just any buyer.  <<<The tweeter in use with this 13 x 8 is possibly a Peerless, suggesting the amplifier meant to be used was the mass-market and lower middle class Bang & Olufsen. An EMI tweeter wasn't used because the paper cone type often seen today wasn't available to Senior Commoners in the 1960s, even if Oxford University graduates.
  
Left, knob AlNiCo tweeter in the Lo-Fi G-2601 music center (Lo-Fi was under 13KHz) of 1.5-12KHz Frequency Response using a network free bipolar condenser.  The low-frequency core below was based on the 1960s Coral 8A-28B but Sanyo branded in the G-2601 speakers. 1970s Japanese Coral ten-inch left below is of similar build detail to the Sanyo Denki but has a Hi-Fi Frequency Response.


Pigeon Pie


Late 1970s working-class SONY and Toshiba music centers tried to equal the early 1970s lower-middle-class SANYO Denki that owed much to the Coral made speakers as so loud for low power input.  SEAS of Norway made the SONY SS-2030 speakers seen left able to compete.

National Panasonic below music centers all look too alike for quickly finding the best but had some of the loudest and most impressive speakers.  No brochures like the Toshiba right help make life easier for vintage collectors.  Some were seen in working-class areas but as may be seen below, had differences hard to remember.  Most have FM radios suited to city areas and too weak for stereo reception far from broadcast masts.  The horizontal cassette players need a lot of care in operation or start to ruin cassettes.

Scottish Gresley Class J38
Upmarket National Technics right, have a stereo 3D or soundstage advantage.  In product specifications, the term stereo separation and 'double mono' power amplifier appear.  For EMI 319 we need near 48dB stereo separation for optimal effects.  Some 1960s tubes won't better 35dB but came from an era of mono sound where the best of vintage loudspeakers helped.  Even with mono inputs or a single speaker, such vintage sets create something like a soundstage but the best stereo effects with such equipment are so much better.  National Panasonic SG-5090 below has a single SANYO STK 463 amplifier module with very impressive bass and percussion.
Panasonic-SG5000, 92dB SPL KEF 104/2 speakers & McAlister Audio tube amplifier
Left in Australia, the SEAS 12-inch coaxial speakers were used by the working class but in the UK, the SONY SS-2030 had been adequate for the smaller, easier to heat British rooms.  Australia has better temperatures and bigger rooms that allow for a higher quality of life.  When the Rover SD1 was launched in England, a car that copied the styling of a Ferrari Daytona, customers hoped for the Leyland P76 engine that it had been designed to take.  But for some reason, Australia didn't share its know-how and these Rover cars had been very disappointing in all but faked appearances.  India got an even lower power SD1 named the Standard 2000
 
Left, a US market MCS speaker likely with replacement woofer resembles the NAD 240 below, but is it original?  The Australian...
  ...NAD 240 right has a British NAD tweeter.   Below a pond yacht on the window sill was the lower income bracket's only way of yachting, some 1930s styled leather chairs near a 1930s Royal Navy G-class destroyer model, an old oaken gate, reminds of a favorite bygone place, the floor of polished wood suits 1950s Audio systems.   Below, the British elite Sandwich video begins with a sea battle.

Below Tom Hawks  was a probation officer who'd idealized the coastal elite lifestyle and didn't know nautical superstitions and ways.  A psychopath happened his way and with no means to check his customer as genuine, he'd paid dearly. Elite yacht clubs are able to easily identify people and their communities are 'close-knit' for good reason.

The Hawks right weren't the coastal elite of Calfornia above but working-class like the British politician Edward Heath, they'd enjoyed plastic yachts that debuted in the 1960s.  Rumors surrounding such personalities help sell copies of old photographs. Before then wooden yachts were so expensive there was no mass market but pond models were popular.

Left as 11th Baronet of Anstruther, Sir Sebastian saw left has a title of lower aristocracy or landed gentry, in some titles given as 'of that ilk'.  The upper aristocracy is the British nobility.  Whilst both groups attend Eton school, they'd remained separate.  Higher in social rank than British nobility is a separate category and group connected with European royalty.

Whilst class was long opposed and many attempts made by socialist regimes to model society on equality and particularly in France, the guiding light of British class is the value of the equal relationship, lower and upper rank isn't easy so mainly company with equals is kept.  18th Duke of Norfolk and brother Earl of Balfour is an upper aristocracy.

Francis Fulford left is the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Edgar Anthony Fulford and Joan Shirley, younger daughter of Rear-Admiral C. Maurice Blackman, DSO.[5]  He is a great-great-grandson of Francis Fulford (1803–1868), Bishop of Montreal.[6] and landed gentry. 
Knowsley Hall














Of Kings, Myths, and Masons.  Above right rare HMV stereo speakers.

Left 10.5 x 6.5 EMI that with a field coil magnet was used in the 1940s HMV 902 television radiograms.  The Plessey cube in one example has been dated to the year 1947 but maybe older.  It's the likely speaker in the enclosure above right, early stereo with a Plessey cube motor.  Left a silver color braid means an aluminum wire and high output. In 1952 the Single-Ended KT66 had a yoke permanent magnet.  The 31806 basket right is the early 1940s but the Plessey magnet may date it later to push/pull powered amplifiers like the DECCA PX25.  The elite significance of EMI speakers is a place in the stately homes of their time.

Right, curious prototype 92390AL with a roll surround and field coil motor, works with a mains isolating smoothing power supply below.  The enameled grey finish resembles a QUAD II.  With the revival of Single-Ended tube amplifiers in High-Fidelity, the Field Coil has reappeared since the Al-Ni-Co and to a lesser extent Ceramic motor loses magnetic strength in adverse conditions.  The tube hasn't however returned to computer know-how and is really still a pursuit of affluent buyers.  Many poor men however still appreciate Chinese tube amplifier imports.


Right former Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine.  Est 1870, AAONMS, an anagram for A MASON.  'The Shriners'.  British prime minister Anthony Eden KG, MC, PC spoke fluent Arabic as fellow Etonian Robert William Ludovic Lindsay OBE.  Juma Al Majid.  The Lorettonian Society a minority cricket following in Scotland.  Poor scores make the game unpopular there. Loretto school magazine archive     British Empire
Right 2nd Viscount Esher, Liberal politician.

Above a British  EMI  105 speaker, 14 x 9 woofer.


Left the Cat's Whiskers tube amplifier that like modern Tannoy has some Scottish input.  Whether these are custom made in China or otherwise hasn't been divulged by the Dundee based seller.  They look far eastern.
<<<'Audio Professor' with 300B tubes styled after Western Electric's 1920s-style shoulder shaped glass envelopes.  Although pricey, these amplifiers are most likely far eastern in origins.
 
Ideal Hi-Fi Stereo Ears.

>>>Staying near Japan's Imperial Palace, home of its Royal family.

Avalon speakers.

Taran Guitars, UK

Rigonda Bolshoi

Akai DB2040 and SR-H30


>>> Remarkable Williamson rebuild.  A late 1940s 'Class B' amplifier, (biased for 'Class A') that managed 0.1% THD for the mass market.  Videoton was a Hungarian factory best remembered by a British tube amplifier enthusiast using Minimax II speakers with their AlNiCo motors.








<<The 1966 year AlNiCo motor Goodmans Maxim 10 for Solid State and 1967 year Ferrite magnet motor Rola Ditton 120>> for vacuum tubes.
 
  In the 1980s Akai of Japan made Videoton labeled equipment sold in the UK and Hungary with Far Eastern Ferrite magnet motors.  In England, they'd offered the GB3 most valued by the lower market Bargain Demon.  The 1980s Akai amplifier and rack systems had a lightweight sound popular with the working-class mass market.

HE Iain Lindsay OBE

<<<Lamm ML 2.1.

Small drivers in these speakers aim for wide dispersion of the important middle range sound.  The elliptical speaker was thought a stiffer cone, better at the dispersion but wasn't perfect and the price favored round speakers for the lower market, although Rola was very pricey.

 Left the effect of dispersion on Frequency Response. GLL Imagio speakers improve with listening off-axis, most are placed to optimize effects from woofers, squawkers, and tweeters.  The cone types, horns not multicellular, electrostatic, ribbon, and 'whizzers' are direct, but in clusters are wider dispersion.

>>>Grant Lumley Reference 150 was a 1970s British revival vacuum tube amplifier vying with the American mass-market Audio Research D76, 79 and 150, rough, Rock Music amplifiers.  Lumley's designs were even rougher and might be compared with the British TVR Sports Car Co. in their owner's difficulties that led Lumley to become a similar bespoke dealer, not mass-market.
The problem was an early assumption that vacuum tubes could be assembled as if their varying electrical character didn't matter so long as they wore the same tube identity.  American RCA 7189 differs from the 6P14P and EL84 so engineers had to try one or two to get a match.  The 1950s designs were more tolerant of mismatched components. 

Strathclyde Transcription Developments STD from the 1972 year.  Poorly chosen vacuum tubes work better in audio designs like STD adapted from guitar amplifiers but the loudspeaker often causes some distortion that only bespoke dealers are able to adjust.  'Class A' Single-Ended vacuum tube
speakers don't sound good with 'Class B' (biased for Class A) vacuum tube amplifiers.  Right Leak TL25 with East German (DDR) Dimple Top EL34.  Seen here are a small tube and a large one as it favored the sound with a particular speaker.  When new tubes are fitted they usually work but some sound better than others and owners often try a few for the best.  Trying a few speakers is recommended.  Even the same models vary.
Left Minimax tube amplifier with Chinese Tannoy and a record player.   Right Garrard 401 and SME arm.






























Left Spendor SP1.2.

Right Harbeth HL.5.  Spendor and Harbeth were British brands formed from husband and wife names and as such bought by married people.  Today it's not easy to find any reference to this very dubious, cult following.  H.D. (Dudley) Harwood's LS3/5A is a mass-market lower-social-class mock-up of a BBC compact studio monitor.
Left 1947 year Parmeko Lo-Fi studio monitor carries the BBC idea of identical studio speakers, carefully made to sound exactly the same with amplifiers of equal quality.  Based on American Altec-Lansing Duplex that varied in the rendition of recordings given,  Harwood adopted the idea in his LS3/5A that every example would sound the same.  Instead, collectors seek out old LS3/5A from Audiomaster to try them for relative sound quality against Goodmans LS3/5A thought to be the worst version.  Rogers, Richard Allan, Falcon Acoustics, Stirling Broadcast, RAM, KEF, Spendor, Harbeth, and Chartwell enjoy a cult following.
Old London made Tannoy before the Scottish buyout.  The cabinets of Scottish Tannoy aren't so posh and not a lot is known about how to partner them.  In many cases, professional studio amplifiers power Tannoy Dual-Concentric as they're made to flatter speakers with less than High Fidelity sound, running at 10% distortion with Gauss speakers - that feature horns and even whizzers.



Left German 1940s Bauer speakers.


Below different sizes of the KT66 bulb.  Marconi is the best and biggest.  In QUAD II stereo sets a big and small type is used as an original issue.





.




The AC Cobra was a British car with an ancient BMW engine, referred to as the Bristol Straight Six.  The British similarly put the EMI name on even older Siemens 13 x 8 speakers as wars with Germany had been thought to affect sales success.  The 1950s Cobra car competed with the American Corvette that gave its name to Soviet-era Rigonda loudspeakers.  Cobra cars later got American Ford V8 engines like DeTomaso.










Typical homemade stereo console uses a 'good neighbor' Mullard 3-3 tube amplifier.
Pye Piper console below has a Mullard 3-3 type amplifier. 

 Right a Hi-Fi Bogen SRB20 with Philips ECL82, 20Hz-20KHz.  A polished floor with a Persian carpet.  Sold by Radioshack in the year 1961, two EZ81 tube rectifiers suited to 1950s speakers that compensate for their soft low frequencies.  The ECL82 is one of the least powerful tubes and uses early 1950s AlNiCo motors with a tiny voice coil, the tubes have superb sound.  Below a Ferrite ceramic motor Quam/Bogen full range core works with Oaktron tweeters and networks.
Left early ferrite motor cores perhaps best for the REALISTIC STA-120 here as needing power headroom. ECL 82 needs a more sensitive AlNiCo type speaker motor.  Below a very showy Bogen twin dial set.  Few knobs survive intact, the metal insert fades and comes out, plastic knobs break and fall off.  The gold finish rubs off, but the model sells well today.  These were sold in American RadioShack stores with the similar-looking EMI Stereoscope 555 and the 600 power amplifier, elite only in the UK and expensive in the USA.





 Right ELAC long a British custom maker of lower market speakers had survived into the 1980s, eventually made in Germany.  1970s superb twin cone with big magnets and speckled cones aren't seen on eBay.  Below the double-ended 1940s RCA 6L6 power amplifiers.



 Below a pricey elite only British Lowther 'Class A' Single-Ended power amplifier.
..
 Left, a rare photo of a double-ended EL84 WERC monoblock power amplifier below using the GZ32 tube rectifier of the QUAD II and the irons that Whiteley Stentorian speakers actually used in the tube age.  The Verdik had used EZ81 instead, but whether it ever had been a QUAD II killer is debatable at half the price.  A simulated tube sound only goes so far and in recent times the actual tube amplifiers are available on the internet.



Left a 1960s WERC speaker with a home-crafted box and rectangular drone, presumably of the correct power rating.  A REALISTIC tweeter and wire-wound pot are added not only loud but probably among the best hobbyist components of the 1970s.  However, tubes due to the Output Transformers, avoid networks.









Right is seen some kind of felt added to this WERC box and nailed down with carpet tacks between the dowels.  The baffle appears to be of plywood.

Left, the WERC tweeter T12 was advertised in some late-1970s magazines but wasn't readily available to the bargain buyer before the coming of internet auction sites.  The lower-middle-class WERC home-built speakers have REALISTIC tweeters because it seemed like a good idea at the time.  Such tube speaker horn tweeters rarely sound great with some Solid State of the local, Japanese TANDY store kind.  For some reason, even Billy Woodman's Goodmans Axtent or Magister is harsh and distorted with the QUAD 405-2.  The original QUAD 405 has a better quality sound at low power as made of better bits and pieces.
Right, F.R. curves for WERC speakers, loud tube amplifier cores, uneven, boosted up in lower frequencies where they flatter tube amplifiers, hence 'colored'.  Click on image for full size.
 
Right, red felt panels between dowels on an EMI 912390BP resemble a black fabric in the WERC above.  Early, yellow cone BP version known to enthusiasts from the EMI 319 uses yellow fiberglass batting, later these panels of which nothing is known but may have developed into 'the Bitumen panel' of the 1970s.  Green basket 92390BP works well with white glass-fiber batting, elite practice is no batting below, in an EMI professional studio 350 with a 'Live plywood baffle', rectilinear drone, cabinet sides very strongly joined, utility ply, apparently sanded and painted to a high standard with grille apertures carefully worked and finished. 

Left, 1964 year 350 professional series with small electrolytic and not a solid cap, a larger inductor being used as in the studio monitor below, the plywood baffle of the 'Live' type, floating on the grille cloth, with a rectilinear drone, not a port but just an aperture cut in the plywood baffle, a job for power tools and calculated for area by acoustic power, not electrical power.  These are first year engineering at university level but an internet calculator may be available.
Photo credit below:  Ronald O Hutchison's Space
         Rover P2, 12 (1938) and P5 (1958)>>

O.R. W.H. Oliphant-Hutchison, M.F.H., far right, lower middle class who after National Service in 1951 joined the F&FY regiment of the 15th Earl of Lindsay, today still based at Yeomanry House in Cupar.  Hutchie is best remembered for his rare, Victorian, Tennant Dock Tank steam locomotive operated on Kirkcaldy Harbor in the 1950s but later replaced by a Diesel.  He'd lived in nearby in Dysart, visiting Cunnoquhie House>>


 
 

 
 
Left, the late issue EMI 92390GK saw a higher flux magnet as a ring radiator for tubes and germanium Solid State.  The later Silicon tone had many aristocrats change from the old tube era tweeters developed for a soft, rounded sound, to one for a sharper knee at higher power.
 
Right an EMI DANGEROUS SPEAKER is found framed among whiskies and other pleasures in modern Japan where EMI speakers are still high status symbols.
 
Kingsbarns whisky 


Right, a US CTS of Kentucky, Marantz tweeter in Bernie Appel's utility REALISTIC brand version replaces a British Imperialist Empire, WERC Stentorian fabric cone HF unit below, from the rounded sound tube era.  Harsh sound of 1960s tweeters heard with silicon output amplifiers would of course have remained superior with germanium or tube amplifier inputs and Billy Woodman's Axtent tweeter fitted in the Goodmans Minister to Magister models suffers the same fate, if played with silicon semiconductor equipment.  The British elite started using Silicon edition QUAD 303 then 405 amplifiers, although the 405-2 was lower market.  The rectilinear drone in this elite speaker of the European peerage, is the rectangular hole in the baffle and not cut for a horn middle-range unit.
Left, British elite WERC Stentorian tweeter of 15-ohm, the British High Fidelity Standard Impedance and a product rarely seen in color if at all, with Al-Ni-Co Alcomax II motor, similar to EMI Hard PVC tweeters but much higher in flux for a lower x-over point, not for higher power, supposedly very efficient but a 15-ohm tweeter impedance used with an 8-ohm output amplifier won't sound powerful, no matter that it could match a 4-15 ohm speaker.
 
Right, EMI 97492C Hard PVC tweeter one of many Alcomax Al-Ni-Co yoke magnets differing in upper registers, 13KHz, 15KHz, 17KHz and 20KHz only for Lo-Fi tube amplifiers of elite build that sound less pleasing with silicon output devices.  X-over type shown is Bi-polar electrolytic, network-free to protect low Damping Factor sound quality, like Damping Factor 5 harman/kardon HK 20 amplifier below.
Left, one thing oft repeated about American versus British High Fidelity tube amplifier specifications is that Sidney Harman used the US HD, Harmonic Distortion to measure the HK 20 and not the British THD, both regarded as charlatanism depending upon what side of the pond we'd ushered from.
Left, EMI Hard PVC tweeters in symmetrical British elite Baffles with EMI Norman long pole voice coil former wide-dispersion mid-woofer loudspeakers.  The Norman was an elite speaker in the US but not mass-market and little known outside the establishment.

<<late issue  EMI  92390GK of the British and Belgian aristocracy shows a tweeter cone resembling the CTS of Kentucky.  Below, the Bryan 9000 amplifier has a hand-wound power iron, techs attempting repair and upgrade but such germanium amplifiers are much more complex in construction, consisting of long tails preventing 'thermal runaway', they cannot be viewed in the same light as vintage silicon based amplifiers.  The germanium transistor resembles the humble diode in that leakage increases through time, the devices are inherently unreliable and unpredictable, they were very expensive to make, many are rose gold-plated on the body and legs but people are buying restored LEAK Stereo 30 and demand is increasing.
>>1963 year Magnavox germanium semiconductor Solid State power amplifier showing the small Output Irons at the right, compared with 1958 year harman/kardon HK20 up page.  Below, 1960s Dulci germanium British amplifier (from Elizabethan electronics) and EMI-styled Japanese mini-reel to reel tape-recorder from the mid-1960s.
Left, British Shoe Box ILP amplifiers, UP1 and UC1, very rare.  ILP hadn't been known to make finished units like this back in the 1970s but they were available to somebody.  The Shoe Box styling from the Meridian 101 is also curious.  Below, ILP is best remembered for its early toroidal round transformers where here the old military surplus g.o., grain-orientated P.S.U. 36 is seen, sound quality was impressive but in kit form, long life came only from builders with engineering know-how.
Right, curious instrument case using the rare ILP modules and power supply of the late 1970s, and early 1980s, apparently, covertly made by the Acoustical Manufacturing Co. (QUAD), some lasting only a few hours, others like this one better built.  


 

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